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定语从句讲解,高一英语定语从句的重点讲解

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1,高一英语定语从句的重点讲解

定语从句概要:
(这是有关定语从句的精要介绍,涵盖了有关定语从句的各个方面,供参考:)
引导定语从句的关联词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, whose, who, whom, as;关系副词有when, where, why。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都充当一定的句法成份。关系代词在从句中充当动词的宾语时一般可以省略。
关系代词的选用比较复杂,受下列条件的制约:
(1) 要看先行词是指人还是指物,
(2) 要看关系代词在从句中句法功能,
(3) 要看定语从句是限定性的还是非限定性的。
在定语从句中充当的成分
↓ 用于限定性或非限定性从句 只用于限定性从句
指人 指物 指人或指物
主语 who which that
宾语 whom which that
谓语 whose whose (of which)
That 只能用在限定性定语从句中,而who, whom, which, which 既可用于限定性定语从句中,也可用于非限定性定语从句。
I know that he is a man who means what he says.
I know that he is a man that means what he says. 【我知道他是一个守信用的人。】
The gentleman whom she met addressed her with courtesy.
The gentleman that she met addressed her with courtesy. 【她遇到的那位先生很有礼貌地向她打了招呼。】
The gentleman she met addressed her with courtesy.(在从句中充当动词宾语的关系代词,可以省略。)
The watch which was lost has been found.
The watch that was lost has been found. 【丢了的表找到了。】
Here is the material which you need. (注:现代美语中不允许这样用)
Here is the material that you need.
Here is the material you need. 【你要的材料在这儿了。】
You are the only one whose advice he might listen to. 他也就是听你的话吧。
关系副词的选用相对来说比较简单,如果先行词是表示时间的名词,如time, day 等,则用when, 如先行词为表示地点的名词,如place, house, area 等等,则选用where。如果先行词为reason 则选用why
I will never forget the mountain village where I spent my childhood.
I will never forget the mountain village in which I spent my childhood.
我永远也不会忘记我度过童年的那个小山村。
I don’t know the reason why he did that.
I don’t know the reason for which he did that. 【我不知道他为什么这么做。】
当先行词是all, something, nothing 等不定代词时,或者先行词的前面有first, last, only, few, much, some, any, no 等词修饰时,或者先行词的前面有最高级修饰时,一般只用that 而不用which 来引导定语从句:
I have explained everything that I can to you.
I have explained everything I can to you. 【我已经尽一切可能把事情向你解释得一清二楚。】
This is the most beautiful campus that I have ever been to.
This is the most beautiful campus I have ever been to. 【这是我见到的最美丽的校园。】
That’s all that I know.
That’s all I know. 【我知道的就是这些。】
Can you tell me something that you know?
Can you tell something you know? 【你能把你知道的一些情况告诉我吗?】
There is nothing that I cannot tell you.
There is nothing I cannot tell you. 【我没有什么不能告诉你的事情。】
The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan.
The first thing we should do is to work out a plan. 【我们应该做的头一件事就是订一个计划。】
The last place that we visited was the farm.
The last place we visited was the farm. 【我们最后参观的地方是农场。】
还有一种定语从句,它的结构是:the same ….. as…, such … as
这里的as 可以指人或物,这里的as 引导的是限定性定语从句:
Such furniture as is very popular is expensive. 一种很受欢迎的家具价钱昂贵。
We have successfully done the same experiment as you did. 你做过的那个试验我们已经成功地做完了。
It wasn’t such a computer as the advertisement had promised. 这种电脑可不是广告中说的那种电脑。
限定性定语从句与主句关系密切,为句中不可缺少的部分,如去掉,主句意思就不完整了。而非限定性定语从句与主句关系松散,如果去掉了,主句内容仍然完整。在书面语中非限定性定语从句一般补逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句一般不用that 引导。引导非限定性定语从句的关系词不可省略。
His speech, which bored everyone, went on and on. 他的讲话没完没了,真让人烦。
The general’s daughter, whose name is Jane, gave me a sweet smile.
将军的女儿名叫珍妮。她冲我笑了笑,笑得好甜啊。
非限定性定语从句中,先行词也可以是整个句子,一般用which 或as 来引导定语从句,which在从句中可充当主语、宾语等,as 在从句中一般只充当主语,which 与as 引导这类定语从句的区别在于:which 只能放在句子当中或句子末尾,而as 的位置比较灵活,可以放在句子当中、句子末尾,也可以放在句首。
As is known to all, too much stress can cause disease.
Too much stress can cause disease, as is known to all.
Too much stress can cause disease, which is known to all. 【众所周知,压力太大了,人会得病的。】
Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen, which is known to all.
Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen, as is known to all. 【众所周知,水是由氢和氧组成的。】
关系代词在定语从句中有时也作介词的宾语。如果介词被置于关系代词前,一般只用介词加which 或介词加whom,而不用介词加that来引导定语从句。如果介词被置于从句句末,则可以使用that来代替which或whom,这时的that可以省略。
This is the ring on which she spent 1,000 dollars. 这就是她花了一千美元买的那枚戒指。
One of my colleagues whom you are familiar with will come today.
One of my colleagues that you are familiar with will come today.
One of my colleagues you are familiar with will come today.
我的一个同事,就是你非常熟悉的那个人,今天要过来。

高一英语定语从句的重点讲解

2,高中定语从句详解??????只用that,which的所有情况

只能用that的情况:
关系代词在定语从句中作表语,不管是人或物只能用that。
He is not the man that he was when I first saw him.
【他现在不是我第一次见他时那样的。】


当先行词即指物又指人时,多用that引导定语从句。
Look at the girl and the dog that are crossing the street.
【瞧正在过马路的那个女孩和那只狗。】


当先行词是有生命的动物或人时,宜使用that而不是which。
1.What's the name of the animals that jumps about?
【四处蹦跳的动物叫什么名字?】
2.Who is the girl that talked to you yesterday?
【昨天和你说话的女孩儿是谁?】


当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时引导定语从句的关系代词只能用that,而不能用which。
This is the most interesting book that I've ever read.
【这是我所读过的最有趣的书。】


当先行词被all,something,anything,nothing,everything,little,much,the one,none等时,引导定语从句多用关系代词that。
1.The goverment has promised to do all that lies in its power to alleviate the hardships of people.
【政府承诺尽其一切力量减轻人民的苦难。】
2.When we see anything that happen on the island, we're so glad.
【当我们看到岛上发生的事情,我们都如此兴奋。】
3.Tom told his father all that had happened.
【汤姆把事情发生的全部情况都告诉了他的父亲。】
4.Pay attention to everything that I do.
【注意我做的每一件事。】
5.The teacher wants to teach us all that he knows.
【老师想把他知道的全部知识都交给我们。】
6.You must do everything that I do.
【我做的每件事你必须都做。】


当先行词被the only, the very, the first,the last,few,little,no,all,one of,the same等修饰时,须用关系代词that来引导。
The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.
【我们唯一能够做的就是给你一些钱。】


当主句中已有疑问词who或which时,要用关系代词that。
Which is the bik e that you lost?
【你丢失的自行车是哪辆?】



只能用which的情况:
在介词后面的关系代词用which而不能用that。即“介词+which(代物)”
1.The picture for which he paid $1,000 was once owned by a duke.
【他花了1000美元买下的画曾为一名公爵所拥有。】
2.The building in which Han Mei studied was very old.
【韩梅在里边学习的那幢大楼很旧。】


在非限定性定语从句中不能用that。
Crusoe's dog, which was very old now, became ill and died.
【克鲁索的狗,现在已经很老了,病死了。】


有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已有which,另一个宜用that。相反,如果其中一个为that,另一个宜用which。
1.Edison built up a factory which produced things
that had never been seen before.
【爱迪生办了一个工厂,生产过去从未见过的东西。】
2.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.
【让我给你看看我从新开放的图书馆借来的小说。】



共同点:
当定语从句所修饰的先行词为物时,关系代词可用which或that。
1.In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions that/which were asked in English.
【事实上Swede并不理解三个被提问到的英语问题。】
2.Colour the birds which/that are flying.
【给那些正在飞着的鸟上色。】
3.The pen that/which I am using is quiet good.
【我正在使用的那支钢笔相当好。】
4.The film which/that we saw last night was wonderful!
【昨晚我们看的那部影片真棒!】

3,如何深入浅出地讲解定语从句

定语从句在英语语法中一直是一个令学生头痛的语法,许多学生在学到它的时候感到很困惑,不知从何下手。语法书上讲解的似乎很详细,也举了很多例句,但是不能够让我们的学生感到简单易懂,特别是对我们本来英语基础就很差的学生来说更是难上加难,可以说定语从句是中专生学习英语道路上的一条拦路虎。但是老师在讲解的时候稍微注意方法,说不定我们的学生能够从此喜欢上英语。本人在从事英语教学的过程中,体会到把握好以下三点,能够让学生快速掌握定语从句。一、充分利用母语优势帮助学生理解什么是定语从句其实用母语讲解英语语法,有它很多的优点。特别对英语基础很差的学生来说,用母语讲解英语语法的好处更加突出。对于定语从句的讲解你可以这样开始,先说三句话给学生听,第一句:“这是一间房屋。’第二句:“这是一间漂亮的房屋。,第三句:“这是一问我爷爷住过的房屋。’接着问学生这三句话之间的共同点和区别。其实这三句话之间的共同点很明显,即都提到了“这是一间房屋。’斯不同的是房屋前面用了不同的词去修饰它,一个是‘漂亮”,一个是‘我爷爷住过”。对于基础很差的学生,你必须告诉他在英语中修饰名词的形容词叫定语。

4,详细的定语从句讲解

内容提要

定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分,定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状语从句分为时间状语从句,结果状语从句,让步状语从句,原因状语从句,条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。

一、 限定性定语从句

1. that即可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置

2. which作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先行词与which之间的介词不能丢

3. 代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括all, anything, much等,这时的that常被省略

4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语

5. where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句

6. when引导定语从句表示时间

〔注〕值得一提的是,表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导

By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.

I still remember the first time I met her.

Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.

7. whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格

8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时,常用there is来引导

二、非限定性定语从句:非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常和主句间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立

1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分

2. 在引导限定性定语从句时,that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which

Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。

I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐,而他恰恰与我相反。

We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。

3. 有时as也可用作关系代词

4. 在非限定性定语从句中,不能用that,而用who, whom代表人,用which代表事物

三、定语从句结构错误

1. 缺关系词

2. 从句中缺成分

摘自《简明英语语法》

在英文中,有两种定语从句:限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句。这两种定语从句在其功能和形式方面都有明显的区别:
限定性定语从句限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧奏,对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。如果将其去掉,会影响句子意思的完整性;有时甚至于引起费解、误解。例如:
Rainforests are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nationsin which they are located .
为了加速他们各自所在国家的经济发展,热带雨林作为有价值的原木和其他资源正为人们所砍伐。
Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow.
洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。
They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before.
他们向我们解释为什么他们不喜欢我们的原因。

非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散,它与主句之间有一个逗点","隔开;它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用,只起补充、说明的作用。有时也用它来对全句进行补充、说明。即使将其去掉,也不会影响句子意思。由于上述原因,非限定性定语从句在表达意思方面也有别于限定性定语从句。另外,非限定性定语从句在中文译文里,我们往往将其作为一个分句处理,而不把它作定语翻译。 例如:Earlier , the Babylonians had attempted to map the world , but they presented it in the form of a flattened disc rather than a sphere , which was the form adopted by Ptolemy .
(此句中,非限定性定语从句是对先行词a sphere进行补充、说明。)
更早之前,巴比伦人曾试图绘制世界地图,但是他们把它绘制成平盘状而不是托勒密所采用的球体状。
The combination of satellites, which transmit information , computers , which store information , and television , which displays information , will change every home into an education and entertainment center .
(此句中,三个非限定性定语从句分别对三个先行词:satellites ,computers和television进行补充、说明。如果去掉这三个非限定性定语从句,那么句子可简化为:
The combination of satellites , computers and television will change every home into an education and entertainment center .)卫星能传输信息,计算机能储存信息,电视能显示信息,把这些手段结合起来可以使每个家庭都成为教育娱乐的中心。
The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .(此句中,非限定性定语从句是对全句进行补充、说明,将全句表达的意思看成"一件事情)。太阳给予大地热,这就使植物的生长成为可能。
The old man has a son , who is in the army .(此句中,非限定性定语从句是对先行词son进行补充、说明。但本句所传达的信息是:"这位老人只有一个儿子" 。如果将此句改写成限定性定语从句:
The old man has a son who is in the army . 那位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。那么,限定性定语从句就要对先行词son进行限定、修饰。这样一来,句子所传达的信息就变成了:"这位老人有一个儿子在部队工作,还有其他的儿子在干别的工作"。)那位老人有一个儿子,他在部队工作。